Effects of entomopathogenic fungi on the biology of spodoptera. A comprehensive account of the biology of fall armyworm was published by luginbill 1928, and an informative. Steps for the dissection of male spodoptera moths lepidoptera. Kevin kavanagh, in reference module in life sciences, 2017 3 spodoptera exigua. It is native to asia, but has been introduced worldwide and is now found almost anywhere its many host crops are grown. Biotransformation of acyclic, monocyclic, and bicyclic monoterpenoids by various bacteria, fungi, insect larvae, such as spodoptera litura, and mammals, such as rabbits and possums, and human and rat cytochrome enzyme is summarized. Beet armyworm occasionally bears a spot laterally, but if present it occurs on the mesothorax, not on the first abdominal segment. Spodoptera exigua wikispecies, free species directory.
The beet armyworm or small mottled willow moth spodoptera exigua is one of the bestknown agricultural pest insects. Eggs can be killed with petroleum oil, and both eggs and young larvae can be controlled with foliar applications of 5% cottonseed oil, but this concentra. Spodoptera exigua an overview sciencedirect topics. The biology of parasites and predators of laphygma exigua huebner reared. Crumb 1956 separated these two species, in part, by the. Plants employ an intricate and dynamic defense system that includes physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms to counteract the effects of herbivorous attacks. Previously reported biological control predators of s. Field tests were conducted with various blends of acetates and alcohols previously identified as components of the sex pheromone for the beet armyworm baw,spodoptera exigua hubner.
Contact individual photographers for permission to use for any purpose. Moreover, spodoptera exigua penetrates as an uncommon migrant far north and was found for example in germany many times. A local isolate of the fungus beauveria bassiana was tested against the beet armyworm spodoptera exigua hubner lepidoptera. The role of insecticidal application and host plant resistance in managing spodoptera exigua has been well documented, but the effect of different host plants, on which the pest cycles its. Text is available under the creative commons attributionsharealike license. Common hostorigin combinations for the four most frequently intercepted species of spodoptera s. Spodoptera species uk plant health information portal. Plant induced defense against herbivory are generally associated with metabolic costs. The deduced amino acid sequence of setre2 contains 645 residues and has a predicted molecular weight of 74 kda and pi of 6.
Spodoptera exigua, an insect known as the beet armyworm, is thought to have. Spodoptera moths whose larvae are armyworms genus spodoptera arthropod genus a genus of arthropods family noctuidae, noctuidae cutworms. Photograph by john capinera, university of florida. Spodoptera exigua wikibooks, open books for an open world. The purpose of this handout is to guide you in the dissection, screening, and identification of moths collected in spodoptera surveys. Developmental control of a lepidopteran pest spodoptera. Sep 19, 2017 zhou zs, chen zp, xu zf 2010 niches and interspecific competitive relationships of the parasitoids, microplitis prodeniae and campoletis chlorldeae, of the oriental leafworm moth, spodoptera litura, in tobacco.
Lysozyme of the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua, was characterized in its upregulation pattern, and its cdna was cloned by rtpcr using degenerate primers designed from some conserved amino acid regions shared with related lepidopteran species. Consequently, it has expanded its geographic range extensively outside of asia, becoming an invasive species and crop pest throughout the wo. A complete list of the host and origin data for spodoptera spp. Spodoptera definition of spodoptera by the free dictionary. Additionally, 3rd instar beet armyworm larvae fed on different artificial diets had increased. Because spodoptera is a worldwide genus with many polyphagous species, larvae can be intercepted from nearly any origin on most any host. Laphygma exigua hubner reared during the season of 1932. Spodoptera litura an overview sciencedirect topics.
Spodoptera exigua, commonly known as rosquilla verde in spain or gusano soldado in latin america, and beet armyworm in the usa and other. Spodoptera exigua, an insect known as the beet armyworm, is thought to have originated in southeast asia. Beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua hubner, 1808 lepidoptera, noctuidae, and flight dynamics data in the sombor region. Nov 22, 2019 beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua hubner, 1808 lepidoptera, noctuidae, and flight dynamics data in the sombor region. The lethal concentration lc50 required to kill 50% of the population of deltamethrin to gossypolfed spodoptera exigua larvae was 2. Using chitin synthase gene a sechsa as the target gene, which is expressed in the cuticle and tracheae of the lepidopteran pest spodoptera exigua, we showed that the growth and development of s. Feeding and life history of spodoptera exigua lepidoptera. A manual of the insects of the hawaiian islands, including enumeration of the species and notes on the origin, distribution, hosts, parasites, etc.
The fall armyworm, spodoptera frugiperda, is a lepidopteran pest that feeds in large. In the british isles, where it is an introduced species and not. Sign in here to access free tools such as favourites and alerts, or to access personal subscriptions. Spodoptera praefica has a rectangular, somewhat obscure, black spot on the mesothorax. Spodoptera exigua oviposition and larval feeding preferences for pigweed, amaranthus hybridus, over squaring cotton, gossypium hirsutum, and a comparison of free amino acids in each host plant.
Noctuidae 4 beet armyworm larvae are susceptible to neem products prabhaker et al. In addition to their tolerance to phytotoxins, beet armyworm has quickly developed resistance to deltamethrin. Pdf incidence and biology of beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua. Consequently, it has expanded its geographic range extensively outside of asia, becoming an invasive species and crop pest throughout the world. It belongs to family noctuidae, order lepidoptera and commonly called as laddi hulu. Genus spodoptera, exotic to america stibick, jeffrey n.
This is a western united states species with coloration totally unlike s. Cosmopolitan and polyphagous pest attacking rice, tobacco, tomato, maize, citrus, castor, groundnut, legumes and many other vegetables. Gossypium hirsutum, and a comparison of free amino acids in each host plant. Partly grown larva of the beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua hubner. The lethal concentration lc50 required to kill 50% of the.
After 3 or more days as eggs, spodoptera exigua larvae hatch and then devour their. It is also known as the asparagus fern caterpillar. Spodoptera synonyms, spodoptera pronunciation, spodoptera translation, english dictionary definition of spodoptera. Spodoptera exigua laphegoverview eppo global database. Secretions from the ventral eversible gland of spodoptera. Spodoptera exigua often very similar but paler dorsally than laterally helicoverpa spp. It is also known as the asparagus fern caterpillar, and the adult moth is known in the uk where it is an immigrant and not known to breed as the small mottled willow. Left unmanaged, or in the absence of natural biological control, fall. Pdf natural populations of spodoptera exigua are infected.
The beet armyworm spodoptera exigua is one of the most wellknown agricultural pest insects. Natural populations of spodoptera exigua are infected by multiple viruses that are transmitted to their offspring. Spodoptera exigua is native to the tropics and subtropics of almost the entire world. Spodoptera littoralisis a destructive pest of subtropical and tropical agriculture, and has the potential to be a serious pest of glasshouse crops in northern europe. Pdf on jan 1, 2014, shankar and others published incidence and biology of beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua in chickpea in andhra pradesh find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. The adults of beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua from the methoxyfenozide treatment did not show reduced fecundity, but fertility as measured by the percentage of eggs hatched fertility was significantly reduced compared with untreated control insects 29. Effect of the fungus, beauveria bassiana balsamo vuillemin, on the. Yoshiaki noma, yoshinori asakawa, in comprehensive natural products ii, 2010.
Insect biochemistry and molecular biology, 31 2001, pp. Spodoptera litura is also known as the oriental leafworm moth, cluster caterpillar, cotton leafworm, tobacco cutworm, tropical armyworm, taro caterpillar, tobacco budworm, rice cutworm, and cotton cutworm. New spodoptera exigua cell lines susceptible to spodoptera. Spodoptera exigua laphegdocuments eppo global database. Oct 26, 2009 spodoptera exigua, commonly known as rosquilla verde in spain or gusano soldado in latin america, and beet armyworm in the usa and other english speaking countries. Beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua hubner lepidoptera. May 20, 2008 to gain an insight into trehalase functions in insects, we investigated a putative membranebound trehalase from spodoptera exigua setre2 cloned from the fat body. Beet armyworm, spodoptera exigua edis university of florida. Biokids kids inquiry of diverse species, spodoptera exigua. We have used a colony of spodoptera exigua xenr highly resistant to a bt commercial bioinsecticide to identify regions in the s.
Spodoptera is a genus of moths of the family noctuidae first described by achille guenee in 1852. Spodoptera exigua synonyms, spodoptera exigua antonyms. But some records are also based on passive transport as with agricultural products. Characterization and expression patterns of a membranebound. Spodoptera exigua article about spodoptera exigua by the. The roughly 30 species are distributed across six continents. New spodoptera exigua cell lines susceptible tospodoptera exigua. Arthropod biology feeding and life history of spodoptera.